Adroit Pen¶
Description¶
This environment was introduced in “Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrations” by Aravind Rajeswaran, Vikash Kumar, Abhishek Gupta, Giulia Vezzani, John Schulman, Emanuel Todorov, and Sergey Levine.
The environment is based on the Adroit manipulation platform, a 28 degree of freedom system which consists of a 24 degrees of freedom ShadowHand and a 4 degree of freedom arm. The task to be completed consists on repositioning the blue pen to match the orientation of the green target. The base of the hand is fixed. The target is also randomized to cover all configurations. The task will be considered successful when the orientations match within tolerance
Action Space¶
The action space is a Box(-1.0, 1.0, (24,), float32)
. The control actions are absolute angular positions of the Adroit hand joints. The input of the control actions is set to a range between -1 and 1 by scaling the real actuator angle ranges in radians.
The elements of the action array are the following:
Num |
Action |
Control Min |
Control Max |
Angle Min |
Angle Max |
Name (in corresponding XML file) |
Joint |
Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 |
Angular position of the horizontal wrist joint (radial/ulnar deviation) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.524 (rad) |
0.175 (rad) |
A_WRJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
1 |
Angular position of the horizontal wrist joint (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.79 (rad) |
0.61 (rad) |
A_WRJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
2 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the forefinger (adduction/abduction) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.44 (rad) |
0.44(rad) |
A_FFJ3 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
3 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the forefinger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_FFJ2 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
4 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the forefinger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_FFJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
5 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the forefinger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_FFJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
6 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the middle finger (adduction/abduction) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.44 (rad) |
0.44(rad) |
A_MFJ3 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
7 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the middle finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_MFJ2 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
8 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the middle finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_MFJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
9 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the middle finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_MFJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
10 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the ring finger (adduction/abduction) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.44 (rad) |
0.44(rad) |
A_RFJ3 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
11 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the ring finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_RFJ2 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
12 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the ring finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_RFJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
13 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the ring finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_RFJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
14 |
Angular position of the CMC joint of the little finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
0.7(rad) |
A_LFJ4 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
15 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the little finger (adduction/abduction) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.44 (rad) |
0.44(rad) |
A_LFJ3 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
16 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the little finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_LFJ2 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
17 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the little finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_LFJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
18 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the little finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.6 (rad) |
A_LFJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
19 |
Horizontal angular position of the CMC joint of the thumb finger |
-1 |
1 |
-1.047 (rad) |
1.047 (rad) |
A_THJ4 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
20 |
Vertical Angular position of the CMC joint of the thumb finger |
-1 |
1 |
0 (rad) |
1.3 (rad) |
A_THJ3 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
21 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the thumb finger (adduction/abduction) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.26 (rad) |
0.26(rad) |
A_THJ2 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
22 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the thumb finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
-0.52 (rad) |
0.52 (rad) |
A_THJ1 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
23 |
Angular position of the IP joint of the thumb finger (flexion/extension) |
-1 |
1 |
-1.571 (rad) |
0 (rad) |
A_THJ0 |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
Observation Space¶
The observation space is of the type Box(-inf, inf, (45,), float64)
. It contains information about the angular position of the finger joints, the pose of the palm of the hand, as well as the pose of the real pen and target goal.
Num |
Observation |
Min |
Max |
Joint Name (in corresponding XML file) |
Site/Body Name (in corresponding XML file) |
Joint Type |
Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 |
Angular position of the horizontal wrist joint |
-Inf |
Inf |
WRJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
1 |
Angular position of the vertical wrist joint |
-Inf |
Inf |
WRJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
2 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the forefinger |
-Inf |
Inf |
FFJ3 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
3 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the forefinge |
-Inf |
Inf |
FFJ2 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
4 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the forefinger |
-Inf |
Inf |
FFJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
5 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the forefinger |
-Inf |
Inf |
FFJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
6 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the middle finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
MFJ3 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
7 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the middle finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
MFJ2 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
8 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the middle finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
MFJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
9 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the middle finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
MFJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
10 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the ring finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
RFJ3 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
11 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the ring finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
RFJ2 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
12 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the ring finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
RFJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
13 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the ring finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
RFJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
14 |
Angular position of the CMC joint of the little finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
LFJ4 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
15 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the little finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
LFJ3 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
16 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the little finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
LFJ2 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
17 |
Angular position of the PIP joint of the little finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
LFJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
18 |
Angular position of the DIP joint of the little finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
LFJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
19 |
Horizontal angular position of the CMC joint of the thumb finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
THJ4 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
20 |
Vertical Angular position of the CMC joint of the thumb finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
THJ3 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
21 |
Horizontal angular position of the MCP joint of the thumb finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
THJ2 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
22 |
Vertical angular position of the MCP joint of the thumb finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
THJ1 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
23 |
Angular position of the IP joint of the thumb finger |
-Inf |
Inf |
THJ0 |
- |
hinge |
angle (rad) |
24 |
Position of the pen’s center of mass in the x direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
Object |
- |
position (m) |
25 |
Position of the pen’s center of mass in the y direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
Object |
- |
position (m) |
26 |
Position of the pen’s center of mass in the z direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
Object |
- |
position (m) |
27 |
Linear velocity of the pen in the x direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJTx |
- |
free |
velocity (m/s) |
28 |
Linear velocity of the pen in the y direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJTy |
- |
free |
velocity (m/s) |
29 |
Linear velocity of the pen in the z direction |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJTz |
- |
free |
velocity (m/s) |
30 |
Angular velocity of the pen around x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJRx |
- |
free |
angular velocity (rad/s) |
31 |
Angular velocity of the pen around y axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJRy |
- |
free |
angular velocity (rad/s) |
32 |
Angular velocity of the pen around z axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
OBJRz |
- |
free |
angular velocity (rad/s) |
33 |
Relative rotation of the pen’s center of mass with respect to the x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
object_top,object_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
34 |
Relative rotation of the pen’s center of mass with respect to the y axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
object_top,object_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
35 |
Relative rotation of the pen’s center of mass with respect to the z axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
object_top,object_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
36 |
Relative rotation of the target’s center of mass with respect to the x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
target_top,target_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
37 |
Relative rotation of the target’s center of mass with respect to the y axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
target_top,target_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
38 |
Relative rotation of the target’s center of mass with respect to the z axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
target_top,target_bottom |
- |
angle (rad) |
39 |
x linear distance from pen to target goal |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
position (m) |
40 |
y linear distance from pen to target goal |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
position (m) |
41 |
z linear distance from pen to target goal |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
position (m) |
42 |
Rotational distance from pen to target goal with respect to the x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
angle (rad) |
43 |
Rotational distance from pen to target goal with respect to the x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
angle (rad) |
44 |
Rotational distance from pen to target goal with respect to the x axis |
-Inf |
Inf |
- |
- |
- |
angle (rad) |
Rewards¶
The environment can be initialized in either a dense
or sparse
reward variant.
In the dense
reward setting, the environment returns a dense
reward function that consists of the following parts:
target_distance
: increasing negative reward the further away the pen is from its target. This is computed as the 3 dimensional Euclidean distance between both body frames. This penalty is scaled by a factor of0.1
in the final reward.orientation_similarity
: add the dot product between the target’s and real pen orientation.close_to_target
: bonus reward for the pen being close to the target orientation. If the dot product between both ortientations is greater than0.9
and the Euclidean distance less than0.075
add a10
reward, if the same distance holds and the orientation dot product is greater than0.95
add50
.dropping_pen
: If the pen drops from the hand (pen’s height less than0.075
) add a negative reward of5
.
The sparse
reward variant of the environment can be initialized by calling gym.make('AdroitHandPenSparse-v1')
.
In this variant, the environment returns a reward of 10 for environment success and -0.1 otherwise.
Starting State¶
The real pen is reset to the palm of the Adroit arm. The target orientation of the pen is then randomly selected from a uniform distribution with range [-1,1]
radians.
Only roll and pitch are randomly selected. The initial position of the target is (x,y,z)=(0,-0.2,0.25)
.
The joint values of the environment are deterministically initialized to a zero.
For reproducibility, the starting state of the environment can also be set when calling env.reset()
by passing the options
dictionary argument (https://gymnasium.farama.org/api/env/#gymnasium.Env.reset)
with the initial_state_dict
key. The initial_state_dict
key must be a dictionary with the following items:
qpos
: np.ndarray with shape(30,)
, MuJoCo simulation joint positionsqvel
: np.ndarray with shape(30,)
, MuJoCo simulation joint velocitiesdesired_orien
: np.ndarray with shape(4,)
, quaternion values of the target pen orientation
The state of the simulation can also be set at any step with the env.set_env_state(initial_state_dict)
method.
Episode End¶
The episode will be truncated
when the duration reaches a total of max_episode_steps
which by default is set to 200 timesteps.
The episode will be terminated
when the Euclidean distancd to the target is less than 0.075
, and the dot product of the pen’s and target orientatin
is greater than 0.95
.
Arguments¶
To increase/decrease the maximum number of timesteps before the episode is truncated
the max_episode_steps
argument can be set at initialization. The default value is 50. For example, to increase the total number of timesteps to 400 make the environment as follows:
import gymnasium as gym
import gymnasium_robotics
gym.register_envs(gymnasium_robotics)
env = gym.make('AdroitHandPen-v1', max_episode_steps=400)
Version History¶
v1: refactor version of the D4RL environment, also create dependency on newest mujoco python bindings maintained by the MuJoCo team in Deepmind.
v0: legacy versions in the D4RL.